Friday, October 26, 2012

Lesson-13 on Credit



Question: What is Asset and Liability Management (ALM) ?
Answer:

Ø    Asset and Liability Management is the practice of managing risks that arise due to mismatches between the assets and liabilities (debts and assets) of the bank.
Ø    Asset Liability management (ALM) is a strategic management tool to manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk faced by banks.

Question: What is Subprime Lending ?
Answer:
A loan that is made at a higher interest rate than most other loans. Subprime loans are made to borrowers who do not qualify for ordinary loans because of bad credit history or some other reason. There is a higher risk of default on Subprime loans.

 

Question: What is Subprime mortgage?

Answer:

The Subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing real estate crisis and financial crisis triggered by a dramatic rise in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the United States, with major adverse consequences for banks and financial markets around the globe.

 

Question: What are  03 pillars in Basel II ?

Answer:


1.     Minimum capital requirement (Based on Credit Risk, Market Risk, Operational Risk)
2.     Supervisory review process (Additional capital charge based on market risk)
3.     Market disclosure (Public Disclosure)

Question. What are the 6 Core Risk Guidelines provided by Bangladesh Bank?

Answer:

1.     Credit Risk Management
2.     Foreign Exchange Risk Management
3.     Asset Liability Management
4.     Internal Control & Compliance
5.     Prevention of Money Laundering
6.     Information & Communication Technology Risk

Lesson-12 on Credit



Question: What is the allowable maximum no. of rescheduling for a customer?
Answer:
3 (three) times. If the loan becomes default after third rescheduling, the borrower will be treated as a habitual loan defaulter and the bank shall not consider for further loan rescheduling.

Question: What are the rules for depositing Down payment for rescheduling of loan?
Answer:
(i)    The borrower has to pay down payment at a time.
(ii)  If the borrower gives cheque, pay order or any other instrument against down payment, the bank must ensure encashment of such instrument before processing of rescheduling case.
Note:
Any previous payment from time to time shall not be treated as down payment.

Question: What is the role of Bank’s Credit Committee for rescheduling of loan?
Answer:
(i)         Rescheduling of any loan must be justified in written statement by the bank’s Credit Committee.
(ii)       The statement must give reasons why the rescheduling is beneficial to the long-run profitability and capital adequacy of the bank, including the factors that cause the Credit Committee to believe that the loan will ultimately be repaid in full.
(iii)     The statement must also explain the impact of this rescheduling on the bank’s liquidity position and the needs of other customers.

Question: What are the rules for treating a loan as Special Mention Account (SMA)?
Answer:
A Continuous loan, Demand loan or a Term Loan which will remain overdue for a period of 02 (two) months or more, will be put into the "Special Mention Account(SMA)".

Thursday, October 25, 2012

Lesson-11 on Credit



Question: What are the rules for Declassification of loan classified by Bangladesh Bank Inspection Team under qualitative judgement?
Answer:
Any loan classified during Bangladesh Bank’s on-site inspection on the basis of qualitative judgement cannot be declassified without the consent of Bangladesh Bank.

Question: What is the Time limit for rescheduling of Continuous Loan?
Answer:
Frequency
Classified as
Sub-standard
Classified as
Doubtful
Classified as
Bad/Loss
First
Rescheduling
Maximum 18 (eighteen) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of rescheduling
Second
Rescheduling

Maximum 12 (twelve)
months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine)
months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine)
months from the date of rescheduling
Third
Rescheduling

Maximum 06 (six) months from the date of  rescheduling.
Maximum 06 (six) months from the date of rescheduling.
Maximum 06 (six) months from the date of rescheduling.
Conditions:
(i)         During the rescheduled period all required principal and interest payments must be made.
(ii)       Rescheduled amount should be repaid in monthly installments.
(iii)      If the amount of defaulted installments is equal to the amount of 3(monthly) installments, the loan will be classified as Bad/Loss.

Question: What is the Time limit for rescheduling of Demand Loan?
Answer:
Frequency
Classified as
Sub-standard
Classified as
Doubtful
Classified as
Bad/Loss
First
Rescheduling
Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine) months from the date of rescheduling
Second
Rescheduling

Maximum 09 (nine) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 06 (six) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 06 (six)
months from the date of rescheduling
Third
Rescheduling

Maximum 06 (six)
months from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 06 (six) months
from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 06 (six)
months from the date of
rescheduling
Conditions:
(i)              During the rescheduled period all required principal and interest payments must be made.
(ii)            Rescheduled amount should be repaid in monthly installments.
(iii)          If the amount of defaulted installments is equal to the amount of 3(monthly) installments, the loan will be classified as Bad/Loss.

Question: What is the Time limit for rescheduling of Fixed Term Loan?
Answer:
Frequency
Classified as
Sub-standard
Classified as
Doubtful
Classified as
Bad/Loss
First
Rescheduling
Maximum 24 (twenty four) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 18 (eighteen) months from the date of rescheduling
Maximum 18 (eighteen) months from the date of
rescheduling
Second
Rescheduling

Maximum 18 (eighteen) months from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of
rescheduling
Third
Rescheduling

Maximum 12 (twelve) months from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine) months from the date of
rescheduling
Maximum 09 (nine) months from the date of
rescheduling

Conditions:
      i.          During the rescheduled period all required principal and interest payments must be made.
    ii.          Rescheduled amount should be repaid in monthly /quarterly installments.
  iii.          If the amount of defaulted installments is equal to the amount of 6 monthly or 2 quarterly installments, the loan will be classified as Bad/Loss.


Question: What is the Time limit for rescheduling of Short-term Agricultural and Micro-Credit?
Answer:
First Rescheduling
Repayment time limit for rescheduling should not exceed 2 (two) years from the expiry date of loan
Second Rescheduling
Maximum 1(one) year from the date of 1st rescheduling.
Third Rescheduling
Maximum 6(six) months from the date of 2nd rescheduling

Lesson-10 on Credit



Question: What is Large Loan?
Answer:
Loan sanctioned to any individual or enterprise or any organization of a group amounting to 10% or more of a bank's total capital shall be considered as large loan.

Question: What are the maximum allowable limits of sanctioning Large loan of the Bank?
Answer:
The banks will be able to sanction large loans as per the following limits set against their respective classified loans:
Rate of net classified loans
The highest rate fixed for large loan against bank's total loans & advances
Upto 5%
56%
More than 5% but upto 10%
52%
More than 10% but upto 15%
48%
More than 15% but upto 20%
44%
More than 20%
40%

Question: What are the rules for Single Borrower Exposure limit for customer for allowing Loans & Advances?
Answer:
(a) The total outstanding financing facilities by a bank to any single person or enterprise or organization of a group shall not at any point of time exceed 35% of the bank's total capital subject to the condition that the maximum outstanding against fund based financing facilities (funded facilities) do not exceed 15% of the total capital. In this case total capital shall mean the capital held by banks as per section-13 of the Bank Company Act, 1991.
(b) Non-funded credit facilities, e.g. letter of credit, guarantee etc. can be provided to a single large borrower. But under no circumstances, the total amount of the funded and non-funded credit facilities shall exceed 35% of a bank's total capital.
However, in case of export sector single borrower exposure limit shall remain unchanged at 50% of the bank's total capital. But funded facilities in case of export credit shall also not exceed 15% of the total capital.

Question: What is the maximum time limit for addressing application of rescheduling loan of a customer?
Answer:
The Bank must address the application along with required down payment for rescheduling within (03) three months of receipt.

Lesson-9 on Credit



Question: What are the rules for Rescheduling of Loan?
Answer:
Application for first rescheduling will be considered only after cash payment of at least 15% of the overdue installments or 10% of the total outstanding amount of loan, whichever, is less;
Rescheduling application for the second time will be considered after cash payment of minimum 30% of the overdue installments or 20% of the total outstanding amount of loan, whichever, is less;
Application for rescheduling for more than two times will be considered after cash payment of minimum 50% of the overdue installments or 30% of the total outstanding amount of loan, whichever is less.
Rescheduling of Demand and Continuous Loan
 
Amount of Overdue Loan
Rates of Down payment

            Up to Tk.1.00 (one) crore
                                     15%
Tk. 1.00(one) crore to Tk. 5.00 (five) crore
            10% (but not less than 
            Tk.15.00 lac)
        Tk. 5.00(five) crore and above
             5% (but not less than 
             Tk.50.00 lac)
Question: What are the rules for Loan to Director of own Bank?
Answer:
The total amount of the loan facilities extendable to a Director or to his relatives should not exceed 50% of the paid-up value of the shares of that bank held in Director's own name.
Subject to compliance of the conditions mentioned in paragraph No.1 above, loan facilities in excess of Tk.50 lacs (including all direct or indirect loan facilities such as bank loan, all types of contingent liabilities like Letter of Credit and performance bond, bid bond or guarantee etc.) in favor of any Director or his relatives or proprietorship or partnership firms and private or public limited companies wherein those persons have interests, can be extended obtaining no-objection from Bangladesh Bank. Besides, subject to the limit as outlined above, if the amount of direct loans   like Cash Credit, Overdraft, LIM, Pre-shipment Credit, LTR etc. is more than Tk.10 lacs, no-objection from Bangladesh Bank is to be obtained.
Question: What are the difference between Hire Purchase and Lease Finance?
Answer:

Hire Purchase is a type of installment credit under which the customer agrees to take the goods on hire at a stated rental, which is inclusive of the repayment of Principal as well as interest for adjustment of the loan within a specified period.

Lease Financing is one of the most convenient sources of acquiring capital machinery and equipment whereby a customer is given the opportunity to have an exclusive right to use an asset usually for an agreed period of time against payment of rental. It is a term financing repayable by lease rental.

Question: What are the maximum allowed periods for allowing DP L/C for different type of import?
Answer:
l       Capital machinery imports on up to 360 days usuance basis
l       Industrial raw materials imports for own use of industrial importers  on up to 180 days usance basis
l       Import of coastal vessels including oil tankers, and oceangoing vessels including those procured for scrapping on up to 360 days usance basis
l       Import of agricultural implements and chemicals fertilizers on up to 180 days basis
l       Import of life saving drugs on up to 90 days usuance basis.
For such deferred payment imports, the prices must be internationally competitive and usuance interest if any should not be at rate higher than the LIBOR for the relative period or the equivalent rate prevailing in the currency of the country of the supplier.