Sunday, October 28, 2012

Lesson-4 on Economics



Question: What is Money?
Answer:
Money is anything that is generally acceptable as a means of payment for the settlement of all transactions including debt.

Functions of money
Ø Money as a medium of exchange
Ø Money as a unit of account
Ø Money as a standard of deferred payment.
Ø Money as a store of value.

Question: What is Money Supply?
Answer:
Money supply is the amount of money that is in circulation in the economy.
Two measures
Narrow Money (M1) = Currency outside banks + Demand Deposits
Broad Money  (M2)   = M1 + Time Deposits


Question: What is Economic Risk?
Answer:
 In project financing, the risk that the project’s output will not be salable at a price that will cover the project’s operating and maintenance costs and its debt service requirements.

Question: What is indifferent curve?
Answer:
An indifference curve is a line that shows all the possible combinations of two goods between which a person is indifferent. In other words, it is a line that shows the consumption of different combinations of two goods that will give the same utility (satisfaction) to the person. 
For example, if a consumer was equally satisfied with 1 apple and 4 bananas, 2 apples and two bananas, or 5 apples and 1 banana, these combinations would all lie on the same indifference curve.

Question: What is Economies of Scale?
Answer:
Economies of scale arise when the cost per unit falls as output increases. Economies of scale is the main advantage of increasing the scale of production and becoming ‘big’.

Question: What is Internal Economies of Scale?
Answer:
Internal economies of scale relate to the lower unit costs a single firm can obtain by growing in size itself. There are five main types of internal economies of scale :
Ø Bulk-buying economies
Ø Technical economies
Ø Financial economies
Ø Marketing economies
Ø Managerial economies

Question: What is External  Economies of Scale?
Answer:
External economies of scale occur when a firm benefits from lower unit costs as a result of the whole industry growing in size. The main types are:
Ø Transport and communication links improve
Ø Training and education becomes more focused on the industry
Ø Other industries grow to support this industry

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